An IUD, or intrauterine device, is a small, plastic, flexible, T-shaped device that is placed into the uterus (womb) and prevents pregnancy. There are two types of IUDs available in the United States. One type, ParaGard T380A, can be kept in place for up to 10 years. The other type is Mirena which can be kept in place for up to 5 years. healthren.com

How Do IUDs Work?

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Some IUDs contain copper, which is slowly released into the uterine cavity. The copper stops the sperm from making it through the vagina and uterus to reach the egg, thus preventing fertilization.

Some IUDs, such as Mirena, release the hormone progestin, which causes the cervical mucus to become thicker so the sperm cannot reach the egg. The hormone also changes the lining of the uterus, so implantation of a fertilized egg cannot occur. This type of IUD must be replaced every 5 years. healthren.com

How Effective Is the IUD? healthren.com

The IUD is 98-99% effective. healthren.com

How Is an IUD Used? healthren.com

Once the IUD has been inserted by your doctor, you do not need to take any further steps to prevent pregnancy until it is time to replace it. How long it lasts, depends on the type of IUD you receive.

Are There Side Effects Associated With IUDs?

IUDs rarely cause serious side effects when used in a monogamous relationship (having only one sex partner). Side effects include pelvic inflammatory disease, painful and heavy periods, backaches and headaches. Discuss these side effects with your doctor. healthren.com

Mirena is associated with lighter menstrual periods. healthren.com

Do IUDs Protect Against Sexually Transmitted Diseases? healthren.com

No. IUDs do not protect against STDs, including HIV (the virus that causes AIDS). The male condom provides the best protection from most STDs.

What Is a Diaphragm?

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A diaphragm is a round piece of flexible rubber with a rigid rim. Before intercourse, the diaphragm is placed in the vagina against the cervix. The diaphragm prevents semen from entering the womb. Spermicide should always be used with a diaphragm. healthren.com

How Effective Is a Diaphragm?

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With the use of a spermicide the diaphragm is 82%-94% effective. healthren.com

How Do I Use a Diaphragm? healthren.com

Spermicide should be put in and around the rim of the diaphragm no more than 2 hours before intercourse. The diaphragm is then inserted into the vagina. More spermicide should be inserted into the vagina each time you have sex. Do not remove the diaphragm for at least six hours after intercourse but no more than 24 hours.

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Where Do I Get a Diaphragm?

You can get a diaphragm from your doctor. Your doctor will give you a pelvic exam first so that you receive a proper fitting diaphragm. This fit should be checked by your doctor every year and the diaphragm should be replaced every 2 years.

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Does a Diaphragm Protect Against Sexually Transmitted Diseases?

No. Using a diaphragm and spermicide may not protect against some STDs, including HIV (the virus that causes AIDS). The male condom provides the best protection from most STDs.